Advance English vocabulary

Sr. No.

Example

1. Charles Babbage’s mechanical calculating engines were the antecedents of the modern computer.
2. This event is claimed to be an antecedent to the Biblical Flood.

1. The doctors in our village are not properly qualified and hence he is receiving a presumptive treatment.
2. The PM cannot take the decision of budget so presumptively.

1. This trip organized in the name of college by the students is illegitimate.
2. This is an illegitimate word to be used in a formal application.

1. The changes to the tax system proved impracticable as they were impossible to enforce.
2. Her performance was so stunning, it looked like impracticable to me.

1. There’s a lot of misinformation about AIDS that needs to be corrected.
2. His election campaign was based on misinformation about the rival candidates.

1. There was a fierce fighting throughout the day.
2. His dance had fierce energy.

1. Begging has been made a profession in some parts of India now.
2. I never give money to beggars but I feed them.

1. The boat is propelled by using a very long paddle.
2. Fear propelled in her after she had that nightmare.

1. Do not belittle the importance of these exams.
2. She doesn’t want to gain sympathy, that is why she belittles her story of accident if somebody asks her.

1. These birds are winter migrants from Scandinavia.
2. The cities are full of migrants looking for work.

1. If our third attempt fails, we need drastic measures.
2. If our third attempt fails, we need drastic measures.

1. There was a big controversy over the use of drugs in athletics.
2. The policy has caused fierce controversy ever since it was introduced.

1. Alex makes all the big decisions – that’s his prerogative as company director.
2. Skiing used to be the prerogative of the rich, but now a far wider range of people do it.

1. They were spotted cavorting beside the swimming pool.
2. The players cavorted about the pitch.

1. He became involved in the murky world of international drug-dealing.
2. I don’t want to get into the murky waters of family arguments.

1. The company has gained international prestige.
2. Many people are attracted by the prestige of working for a top company.

1. The children had an argument about what game to play.
2. He got into an argument with Jeff in the pub last night.

1. Industrialization has degraded the environment to a large extent.
2. These developing countries have undergone rapid industrialization.

1. The oil spill caused terrible damage to the fragile ecology of the coast.
2. She hopes to study ecology at college.

1. Youth will have to stand against environmental degradation.
2. The degradation of quality of life is only because of stress that you are carrying.

1. A zealous supporter of the government’s policies.
2. We need creative and zealous employees.

1. His lopsided grin suits him.
2. He walked with a lopsided gait carrying a heavy bag.

1. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.
2. I won’t tolerate lying.

1. The papers were checked with extreme laxity.
2. Your laxity at work will not be borne.

1. Her unhappiness was apparent to everyone.
2. It was becoming increasingly apparent that he could no longer look after himself.

1. Flowers at the florist look stagnant.
2. The progress of the case is stagnant for two years.

1. The schedule is in flux at the moment.
2. The selection process is in a flux.

1. We bought a motorized wheelchair for our grandfather.
2. A moped is just a motorized bicycle.

1. He was so filled with spite for his family that he fled away.
2. They did it just for spite.

1. These are all poisonous chemicals hence students are not allowed to have an access to these.
2. Can you tell the difference between poisonous mushrooms and edible varieties?

1. Employees should be treated in an indiscriminate manner.
2. I am indiscriminate when it comes to making friends.

1. The pesticides used on many farms are polluting the water supply.
2. I won’t invest in any company that pollutes the environment.

1. The brakes were faulty and he didn’t know.
2. The faulty wiring caused a short-circuit.

1. No plagiarism is acceptable in your assignment, write in your own words, even if it is crap, I’ll like it.
2. The designs are not extraordinary but yes, they are acceptable.

1. There is nothing extraordinary about her dress sense but yes, she looks good.
2. We need extraordinary arrangements at the party so that everyone remembers it.

1. He prosecuted a man for the riots.
2. I shall prosecute my hope.
3. I shall prosecute my right in a court of law.

1. A gigantic statue of Gandhi was established at the chowk.
2. The cost involved in the project has been gigantic.

1. Tenants who fall behind in their rent risk being evicted.
2. He was evicted from the pub for drunken and violent behavior.

1. I am no vassal of yours.
2. He was forcibly vassalled after his parents’ death by his Uncle at their office.

1. The whole region is in turmoil.
2. The country is in a state of political turmoil.

1. The critics scoffed at his paintings.
2. Years ago people would have scoffed at the idea that cars would be built by robots.

1. You can soften the butter by warming it gently.
2. These dried apples will soften up if you soak them in water.

1. He wanted to dance but he lost his legs in an accident and this is so ironical.
2. The Greek God Zeus was believed to rape women and I think it is very ironical in a sense that despite being a God, he caused problems in the lives of women.

1. Reluctantly, he acquiesced to the plans.
2. I acquiesce the fact that there are haters of everyone but at the same time, there are people who love your work.

1. One has to maintain fidelity to his/her bosses.
2. Fidelity is important in any relationship.

1. Subordinates and superiors have reciprocal duties, if one gives work on time, the other must give him adequate remuneration and incentives on time.
2. It is a reciprocal invitation for lunch.

1. She fainted at the sight of a ghost, so is her reflexes.
2. It is a reflex of his that he whistles every time he sees a girl.

1. She is so skillful but their stringent rules are impeding her due to which she is not able to display her skills fully.
2. Nothing can impede if you are determined and dedicated.

1. The history of this fort has been written by an eminent historian.
2. Chinua Achebe is an eminent critic who has called this book very “absurd”.

1. Gurgaon was sparsely populated before MNCs began to settle.
2. Postal networks are sparse in Himachal Pradesh.

1. Hong Kong was ceded to Britain after the Opium War.
2. Sialkot was ceded to Pakistan whereas Pathankot was kept in India.

1. My college is affiliated to the University of London.
2. The school is affiliated with a national association of driving schools.

1. Representatives were elected by ballot.
2. They decided to hold a ballot.

1. He snatched the photos out of my hand before I had a chance to look at them.
2. Chain-snatching has become quite common here.

1. These exercises build muscle and increase stamina.
2. His muscles have enlarged since he started working out and taking regular food supplements.

1. He is too young to discern right from wrong.
2. I discern him to be very active and skillful.

1. Through hard work and perseverance, he worked his way up from being a teacher in a village school to the headmaster of a large college.
2. Perseverance and hard work are the keys to success.

1. He has always shown great dedication to the cause.
2. She thanked the staff for their dedication and enthusiasm.

1. Male chauvinism is still prevalent in many areas and people.
2. Patriotism is an example of chauvinism.

1. She was very naive to believe that he’d stay with her.
2. They make the naive assumption that because it’s popular it must be good.

1. Loss of his parents was indeed the gravest part of his life.
2. Financial crisis became his gravest obstacles in the path of success, but he overcame it all and kept going.

1. His constant incomprehension in class stirs fear in me that he has some mental inabilities.
2. She is a bright kid, she never showed incomprehension.

1. His constant deterrence made me so weak that I was not able to accept any new job offers.
2. Anyone’s deterrence did not stop her from achieving what she wanted to. She stayed strong throughout.

1. The narrative of the novel is linear so it is easy to understand.
2. If you work in a linear order, you will avoid any confusions.

1. I need a finance analyst for my firm.
2. She is a nutrition analyst.

1. He made a unilateral decision without asking for anyone’s opinions.
2. His unilateral perspective does not allow him to see the positive effects that this therapy can have on him.

1. The remuneration system for 2020 is not based on any precedent structure.
2. I won the precedent case, wish me luck for this one.

1. He was a big brawny man with huge hands.
2. He rolled up his sleeves and came up to me, I got scared, he is so brawny.

1. She types on a typewriter with amazing dexterity.
2. You need a good dexterity to be able to write this exam.

1. You should use organic fertilizers in your garden.
2. We use chemical fertilizers in our fields.

1. He is the right person for this job, he is vigorous and alert.
2. The tree has grown vigorously.

1. Questions from local residents remained unanswered.
2. My queries remained unanswered by the counsellor.

1. If you were to exert your influence they might change their decision.
2. Some managers exert considerable pressure on their staff to work extra hours without being paid.

1. I have people who are always procrastinating their work. I think such people are least responsible and serious in life.
2. Procrastination shows how passive and lazy you are!

1. It turned out she was one of those faceless bureaucrats who control our lives.
2. I am no bureaucrat to know what it takes to make decisions for such a large community.

1. The sea is in agitation since the storm has occurred.
2. I can sense some agitation in her so I got away from her desk.

1. They demanded adequate remuneration for their work.
2. In return for some caretaking duties, we are offering a free flat and a small remuneration.

1. The students enjoy extracurricular activities at the weekend.
2. A student needs to be involved in extracurricular activities as well so as to make an all-rounder personality.

1. In order to make the company viable, it will unfortunately be necessary to reduce staffing levels.
2. I am afraid that your plan is not economically viable.

1. They’ve just built some hideous new apartment blocks on the seafront.
2. She wears the most hideous color combinations you could ever imagine.

1. Why has she been given the authority despite her indecisiveness?
2. I always have indecisiveness about what to wear whenever I have to go out.

1. The plot of the story was skewed right in the middle.
2. The rod was skewed so it could not be used.

1. She is the ultimate example of altruism.
2. One must have some sense of altruism.

1. She met a horrendous accident.
2. Her car has got horrendously damaged.

1. He ordered the massacre of 2,000 women and children.
2. I have encountered the massacre that happened in Punjab during Partition, I remember how I escaped from that place.

1. I will stabilize the table by putting a brick under the short leg.
2. The country will stabilize after the next elections.

1. Mira revealed hitherto unsuspected talents on the cricket pitch.
2. Hitherto part of India, Bangladesh has become a different country.

1. The animals are tormented mercilessly by flies and mosquitoes.
2. The girl living in room number 204 was tormented by the warden but she never had the courage to tell that to anybody but luckily one day her roommate caught him red-handed.

1. The delegate accepted our proposals.
2. The manager has delegated his responsibility of assigning tasks to me.

1. The government is reported to be concerned about the growing insurgency in the South.
2. Uppers’ the insurgency by isolating the rebels from rest of the population.

1. A fierce storm battered the coast.
2. The lion gave a fierce roar.

1. He is an unwilling servant.
2. I am reluctant to go to his party tonight.

1. You have plagiarized this content from Wikipedia, right?
2. I want original work, no plagiarized work will be appreciated.

1. I am not accountable for any malfunctioning in the event, I have put in all my efforts.
2. Who is accountable for missing the deadline?

1. I explained it, but it is pure conjecture whether he understood, or not.
2. What he told you about Paul’s illness is a mere conjecture, no one actually knows what happened to him.

1. I am looking for a good synopsis on the Mahabharata.
2. Can you share this synopsis on Greek mythology?

1. Paul is the quintessence of altruism because he takes her elderly neighbor to market every time she needs to go.
2. She has been the quintessence of high-fashion in our college.

1. He is a belligerent man, he is always ready to fight.
2. He has become belligerent since he has been sent to a boarding school.

1. The monkeys are quite tame here.
2. The have a tame cat at home.

1. This new employee shows signs of extreme diligence.
2. This work needs extreme diligence, if you are not so serious about it, you better not do it.

1. My job is very monotonous, I need a change.
2. The dance moves were monotonous and boring.

1. This app send in notifications all day and it is so gruesome.
2. They have a very gruesome admission process.

1. Their financial crisis is quite palpable to the people.
2. The dent on the car is quite palpable.

1. Your body language is the microcosm of your mood.
2. This essay is a microcosm of the Partition history of India.

1. Don’t infantilize me, I know how to be on my own.
2. I am a grown up, stop infantilizing me.

1. Thousands of people have left their devastated villages and fled to the mountains.
2. She was utterly devastated when her husband died.

1. We have to change the public’s perception that money is being wasted.
2. These photographs will affect people’s perceptions of war.

1. How could you humiliate me by questioning my judgment in front of everyone like that?
2. You cannot humiliate a person for their opinion.

1. Stop patronizing me – I understand the play as well as you do.
2. I have patronized my family to this departmental store, the owner gives me good discounts.

1. I am astounded to see him grow this rich in just two years.
2. What is so astounding about a girl walking on the rope in television? There are a lot of people who do it on roadsides for their living.

1. I find absolutely no truth in his words, he is trying a deceit I feel.
2. One partner accused the other of deceit.

1. This was a totalitarian regime state.
2. People suffer a lot in a totalitarian form of government.

1. I’m a bit wary of giving people my address when I don’t know them very well.
2. Are you wary of the hazards that working in a pharmaceutical industry can cause?

1. He has survived periods of financial hardship before.
2. The time when his brother was in hospital for eight months was the time of extreme hardship for his family.

1. There was such a lively environment at the concert.
2. He is a man with an awesome lively attitude towards life.

1. Regular exercise is invigorating.
2. I need a cup of black coffee to invigorate myself.

1. I thank you with utmost cordiality.
2. I have received a cordial invitation from him, so I will definitely go.

1. The government is not maintaining any transparency of expenditure.
2. Transparency is necessary to gain faith of the public.

1. A girl was abducted from Pathankot and was found in Lahore.
2. There are cases of abduction every day.

1. This short story is an anecdote of what happened in a mental asylum a few years later Partition.
2. Have you gone through that anecdote about the girl who was abducted during the Partition and was made a mistress.

1. Children need plenty of good fresh food to nourish them.
2. She has not received enough nourishment and that has caused her illness.

1. My teacher has fertilized my skills by keeping me under regular training.
2. There are many ways to fertilize the soil.

1. Because she had no children of her own, her friend’s son became a kind of surrogate child to her.
2. For some people, reading travel books is a surrogate for actual travel.

1. He has no respect for authority whatsoever.
2. I can honestly say that I have no interest whatsoever in the royal family.

1. The enemy attack was quickly repulsed.
2. The tourists were repulsed by the filthy conditions.

1. There are numerous cancer patients in the hospital.
2. I have numerous reasons to not go this job.

1. Nuclear weapons pose a threat to everyone.
2. The new model posed well for the pictures.

1. That entire residential area has been commercialized and there is a large market now.
2. I don’t want to commercialize my skills, I want to keep them as a hobby.

1. Such a noisy environment was not conducive to a good night’s sleep.
2. This is a more conducive atmosphere for studying.

1. The storm wreaked havoc in the garden, uprooting trees and blowing a fence down.
2. The delay played  havoc with their travel arrangements.

1. This is an evergreen design!
2. An example of an evergreen tree is a pine tree.

1. The advent of television.
2. The advent of the cure of this disease is revolutionary.

1. Existing methods of production are expensive and inefficient.
2. I’m hopelessly inefficient at mending things.

1. You have to overcome your obstacles if you want to achieve your goals.
2. I am not scared of any obstacles.

1. He was arrested when customs officers found drugs in his bag.
2. The police arrested her for drinking and driving.

1. It’s exhausting commuting from Brighton to London every day.
2. People used to believe that you could commute base metals into gold.

1. The country roads are quite perilous.
2. This is a perilous journey.

1. I take frequent breaks so I don’t get too tired.
2. There are frequent trains to Delhi from here.

1. Eve-teasing has been a common thing here and we now have to stand against it.
2. You cannot normalize a thing like Eve-teasing, it leads to bigger issues in the society.

1. The shelf sagged under the weight of the heavy books.
2. MY tummy has grown so big and now it is sagging.

1. My difficulties preclude me from living a normal life.
2. The secret nature of his work precludes official recognition.

1. Label your suitcases to prevent confusion.
2. His disability prevents him from driving.

1. The police have finally apprehended the killer.
2. I really apprehend the consequences of my decision.

1. I shall accomplish my goal by the end of this year.
2. Their mission was accomplished in time.

1. Following the bomb scare at the airport, the staff have been warned to be extra vigilant.
2. Every public area needs extreme vigilance because there is constant risk of terrorism.

1. Undercover police officers nabbed the men at the airport.
2. Someone nabbed my apple when I wasn’t looking!

1. Unable to swim, he watched helplessly as the child struggled desperately in the water.
2. You feel so helpless because there’s nothing you can do to make the child better.

1. There was fierce combat between the two sides.
2. You have to combat such situations on your own.

1. I am left with a measly amount of money.
2. She gave me a cute measly present.

1. Earth is not spherical, it is flats at the two poles.
2. He has been a constant part of our cultural sphere.

1. This is an autonomous university
2. Demonstrators demanded immediate autonomy for their region.

1. There is lack of water in your body.
2. I lack a good company, I feel lonely.

1. She is an inspiration for the entire world because she has risen from penury to such affluence on her own.
2. His state of penury was a motivation for him to work harder and flourish in life.

1. He accused his servant of robbery.
2. The accused were all found guilty.

1. He neglects that poor dog – he never takes him for walks or gives him any attention.
2. I’m afraid I’ve rather neglected my studies this week.

1. It is tantamount to fraud.
2. Both men were aware that this was tantamount to a brush-off.

1. You will get Rs.22000 as your salary, plus incentives.
2. There is little incentive for people to leave their cars at home when public transport remains so expensive.

1. You must encourage your child to work in the field he likes instead of pressurizing him to do what you would like.
2. I could never have achieved this without the encouragement of my husband and family.

1. She runs the business very efficiently.
2. We need someone really efficient who can organize the office and make it run smoothly.

1. The vitamins come in a form that is easily utilized by the body.
2. Sensible utilization of the world’s resources is a priority.

1. That’s just a bare assertion.
2. The politicians’ assertions can never be trusted.

1. Our new neighbors are very noisy, I swear!
2. There was a noisy crowd of fans at the concert.

1. The old hermit has taken a vow of silence.
2. He vowed vengeance against the murderers of his cousin.

1. As an ambassador, she enjoys a very privileged status.
2. A good job can get you good privileges in the society.

1. He has a large and heterogeneous collection of shoes at his store.
2. This is a heterogeneous drink, made with different juices.

1. These scandals will not enhance the organization’s reputation.
2. Several athletes tested positive for illegal performance-enhancing drugs.

1. New York is a highly cosmopolitan city.
2. Lisa is a real cosmopolitan.

1. You have to maintain a consistency of uploading content on your blog.
2. Melt the chocolate to a pouring  consistency.

1. These factories are releasing toxic gases into the atmosphere.
2. This place has such a lively atmosphere.

1. I spent most of my money in the first week and consequently had very little to eat by the end of the holiday.
2. He didn’t wake up early. Consequently, he was late at work.

1. The baby was born with a heart problem and only survived for a few hours.
2. These plants cannot survive in very cold conditions.

1. The bill for dinner was exorbitant.
2. It is a nice car but they are charging exorbitant price for it.

1. Street-fights are an everyday occurrence in this area of the city.
2. The study compares the occurrence of heart disease in various countries.

1. She certainly had a friend called Mark, but I don’t know whether he was her boyfriend.
2. This is rather a difficult question. “Yes, it’s certainly not easy.”

1. Although our skin looks smooth, when magnified it is full of bumps and holes.
2. The hot summer magnified my skin disease.

1. Smoking can cause respiratory diseases.
2. Pollution has made respiratory systems more vulnerable.

1. Side effects of allopathic medicines are unavoidable.
2. I have to see to this case of bullying, this is absolutely unavoidable.

1. My tomatoes are flourishing this summer – it must be the warm weather.
2. Watercolor painting began to flourish in Britain around 1750.

1. We need some ancillary staff at school which can help us on days when people from the primary staff cannot turn up.
2. There are ancillary charges which are to be paid on the primary tuition fee at school.

1. There is no pharmacy in this area, the nearest one is 3 kms away from here.
2. You can find this medicine in any pharmacy very easily.

1. It is the first petrochemical industry in the state.
2. There are many health hazards of working in a petrochemical industry.

1. Satellite broadcasting is helping to globalize television.
2. As the economy develops, it will continue to globalize.

1. Her consciousness that she’s different makes her feel uneasy.
2. I am taking this decision with my consciousness.